Tracking Pax Silica’s Evolution: A Timeline

Pax Silica is a U.S.-led strategic initiative focused on securing the global supply chains that underpin artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced technologies. It brings governments together to strengthen cooperation across critical minerals, energy, semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, and AI infrastructure. The initiative seeks to reduce dependence on vulnerable supply chains, expand trusted production capacity, and encourage investment and commercial cooperation among participating economies.

Seven countries—the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Australia, and Israel—signed the Pax Silica Declaration, a framework for strengthening critical supply chains and coordinating economic-security efforts, when the initiative launched in December 2025. By August 2026, the initiative had expanded to 25 Declaration signatories, while 35 countries had signed the separate AI Opportunity Statement, which focuses on expanding access to AI, encouraging its development and deployment, and strengthening related digital infrastructure.

As participating countries develop new agreements, investment initiatives, and mechanisms for supply-chain cooperation, they continue to expand the initiative’s scope. Their efforts now address not only the critical inputs needed for AI but also the industrial capacity, infrastructure, and technologies required to develop and deploy AI at scale. The timeline below tracks this evolution, highlighting major agreements, new participants, and key diplomatic and industrial milestones.