Australia is developing new digital market regulations that could impose interoperability requirements similar to the EU’s Digital Markets Act. These rules could increase compliance costs and limit U.S. tech firms’ ability to control their platforms, giving Chinese companies a competitive advantage.

The EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) imposes interoperability mandates on large digital platforms, primarily targeting U.S. tech companies. These regulations weaken U.S. firms while giving Chinese competitors a strategic advantage by limiting American platforms’ ability to integrate services and leverage their ecosystems.

Poland’s digital tax framework imposes multiple layers of taxation on foreign tech companies, disproportionately burdening U.S. firms while giving Chinese platforms a competitive edge due to state support.

Turkey’s digital tax policy imposes a 7.5 percent Digital Services Tax on gross revenues from digital services and additional withholding taxes, creating a significant tax burden, especially for U.S. tech companies. The framework could offer strategic advantages to Chinese firms due to lower entry thresholds and state support.

Mexico’s digital tax system relies on withholding taxes and VAT instead of a traditional Digital Services Tax, imposing strict compliance measures, including potential market access blocks. U.S. tech companies face significant administrative burdens, while Chinese firms may benefit from structured entry pathways and regulatory adaptability, potentially expanding their presence in Latin America.

The UK’s Digital Services Tax (DST) imposes a 2 percent levy on revenues from digital platforms, targeting large U.S. tech companies, with a review set for 2025. Chinese firms could benefit from the thresholds, allowing them to expand in the UK before triggering tax obligations.

Belgium’s digital tax policy disproportionately burdens U.S. technology companies through VAT requirements, a proposed 3 percent Digital Services Tax, and extensive reporting obligations. These measures disadvantage American firms while giving Chinese tech companies an opportunity to enter the market later with state-backed advantages, potentially undercutting U.S. platforms.

Kenya’s new digital tax framework, which includes a 3 percent SEP tax and various withholding and VAT obligations, poses significant challenges for U.S. tech companies. Meanwhile, Chinese firms could benefit from the system due to their state-backed advantages and experience with similar tax structures.

France’s digital services tax disproportionately targets large U.S. tech companies, creating financial burdens while giving Chinese firms a competitive advantage in the European market.

Switzerland’s digital tax policy avoids a DST but imposes VAT compliance and local investment requirements on digital platforms and streaming services, creating administrative burdens for U.S. tech companies while offering limited advantages to Chinese firms.