Source: Bilge Erten, et al, “Employment Impacts of the CHIPS Act,” (working paper 34625, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 2026).
Commentary: In August 2022, the United States passed the CHIPS and Science Act, the CHIPS component of which authorized $53 billion in investment into America’s domestic semiconductor production, along with several billion more for semiconductor research and workforce development. This investment has enabled the construction and expansion of several fabs throughout the United States, from Arizona to New York. Additionally, it has led to the creation of several thousand jobs. A report by Bilge Erten et al. estimates that, in the 149 American counties that had semiconductor activity prior to the passage of the U.S. Innovation and Competitiveness Act (USICA), the precursor bill to the CHIPS Act, employment increased by 110 jobs per county, equivalent to a 12.7 percent increase in employment. Of those 149 counties with semiconductor activity, 83 had a semiconductor fabrication facility before the USICA was passed, while 66 had semiconductor facilities but no fabrication plants. The counties with fabrication facilities experienced an increase of 180 jobs per county, equivalent to an 11.8 percent increase in county employment.
Beyond these direct employment effects, affected counties also experienced an increase in construction employment, with between 136 and 203 construction jobs generated in affected counties. Altogether, the report estimates that the CHIPS Act generated between 15,000 and 16,000 direct jobs in the semiconductor industry nationally and approximately 15,000 to 30,000 jobs in related industries such as construction.
A separate study from the Semiconductor Industry Association estimates that the CHIPS Act, in combination with the Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit and other manufacturing grant incentives, has led to the creation of 70,000 jobs in the semiconductor ecosystem, including research, design, and fabrication, since 2020 and over 500,000 jobs total These include jobs in construction and upstream and downstream industries.