Jessica Dine is a Research Assistant for Broadband Policy at ITIF. She holds a B.A. in Economics and Philosophy from Grinnell College.
Gross output, the market value of all goods and services produced by an industry, is a good metric to assess sheer volume of production as well as a means of comparison between industries.
The German Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft produces investment effects of €15.2 billion, creating 437,000 jobs; it increases government revenue by €14 billion; and the jobs created center in the motor vehicle, computer and electronics, machinery, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Geographic differences in broadband deployment exist, but ITIF’s analysis of Census data and facts on the ground show they are best explained by income variations and barriers to adoption, not by racial discrimination.