Publications: Stephen Ezell

As AI demand drives memory chip prices to more than triple in 2026, Washington should resist short-term fixes that pick who gets scarce supply or deepen reliance on Chinese producers and instead expand U.S. memory production capacity for the long term.

For policymakers to bolster regional competitiveness in the global economy, they first must know where they stand. This report—coauthored by ITIF and the Institute for Competitiveness, India—benchmarks the 87 regions of India and the United States using 12 commonly available indicators of strength in the knowledge economy, globalization, and innovation capacity.

For policymakers to bolster the global competitiveness and innovation capacity of their regions, they must first understand their regions’ strengths and weaknesses. This report—by 11 think tanks from the Global Trade and Innovation Policy Alliance (GTIPA)—benchmarks 213 regions of 13 transatlantic countries using 14 commonly available innovation indicators.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the general-purpose technology of this decade, and possibly even this century, with impacts predicted to be as deep and diffuse as electricity and the Internet. As with other general-purpose technologies in their nascent stages, much still remains uncertain regarding AI’s capacity and direction. This report provides GTIPA members’ perspectives the state of innovation policy on AI around the world, compiling 32 vignettes from 28 think tanks in 30 countries.

Heavy dependence on Chinese APIs creates risks to the drug supply and national security. To reduce dependence, U.S. policy should support domestic and allied production through the advanced manufacturing innovation, tax incentives, import limits, regulatory reforms, improved analysis, and targeted procurement, including strategic stockpiling.

NIH and other federal agencies must adopt a more comprehensive framework for measuring scientific impact, one that captures industry outputs such as new drug development, industry investment in university research, the translation of discoveries into commercial and clinical outcomes, the depth of international scientific partnerships, and the strength of the biomedical talent pipeline.

Instead of copying other OECD countries in a “reference-price-race-to-the-bottom,” U.S. policy should instead encourage peer countries to appropriately value innovative medicines.

The era of free trade globalization is over. To replace it, the United States should lead a new class of binding deals with allies, with a dual objective of strengthening allied national economic power industries and weakening China’s.

China has utilized numerous illegitimate tools in pursuit of global leadership in biopharmaceutical manufacturing, including IP theft, forced labor, and stealing genetic information. This must be met with a swift and forceful response from U.S. policymakers.

China is becoming an increasingly capable competitor in the global pharmaceutical industry, with growing strengths at every level of the biopharmaceutical supply chain. Responding to this challenge will require a comprehensive, whole-of-government strategy, with strong cross-agency collaboration, to advance U.S. biopharmaceutical competitiveness.