
Fact of the Week: The Expansion of Submarine Cables Results in a 14 to 21 Percent Drop in Internet Prices
Source: Joël Cariolle, et al., “The Impact of Submarine Cables on Internet Access Price, and the Role of Competition and Regulation,” (working paper, World Bank Group, Washington, D.C., July 2024).
Commentary: Submarine cables (SMCs) are fiber optic cables that run under the ocean between countries, transmitting data and providing broadband Internet. Over the past 30 years, between 15 and 20 new submarine cables have been laid on the ocean floor annually, spreading Internet connectivity to countries with previously low Internet access. In Nigeria, the arrival of five SMCs between 2010 and 2015 increased the growth of international Internet bandwidth (the total amount of data that can be transmitted between countries) from 48 to 70 percent. SMCs have also had a substantial effect on the cost of broadband internet. In their report, Joël Cariolle et al. find that doubling the international Internet bandwidth for a country will decrease the cost of fixed and mobile broadband by as much as 14 and 21 percent, respectively. In the sample of 150 countries analyzed, the effects are more concentrated in developing countries, with little impact found in Europe or the Middle East. In Africa, where there is currently limited SMC capacity compared to other regions, the effect of SMCs on Internet prices is the smallest.